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- <text id=93TT1118>
- <link 93TO0128>
- <title>
- Mar. 08, 1993: Who Could Have Done It
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1993
- Mar. 08, 1993 The Search for the Tower Bomber
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- COVER STORY, Page 33
- Who Could Have Done It
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>By PRISCILLA PAINTON--With reporting by William Mader/London and Thomas A. Sancton/Paris
- </p>
- <p> The bombing of the World Trade Center could turn out to be the
- work of none other than a psychotic, mad-as-hell American--a live version of the Hollywood revenge fantasy. But many aspects
- of the bomb, including its placement and force, carry the mark
- of more sophisticated hands. Experts who study terrorists around
- the world have begun to speculate about several groups:
- </p>
- <p> THE BALKAN FACTIONS
- </p>
- <p> Of the 19 callers who took responsibility for the bombing, at
- least one said he spoke for an organization calling itself the
- Serbian Liberation Front. Another claimed to represent Croatian
- militants. Still another called in the name of Bosnian Muslims.
- The possibility of a Balkan connection was made more tantalizing
- by the fact that a bomb was defused on Friday near the U.S.
- emin the Croatian capital of Zagreb.
- </p>
- <p> Most of the Balkan nationalities have a history of marrying
- politics with violence. It was the murder of Archduke Francis
- Ferdinand and his wife in Sarajevo by a Serbian youth that set
- off World War I. And according to a French expert on the Balkans,
- Xavier Raufer, the terrorist techniques that the Palestinians
- and the Lebanese made notorious in the past two decades--bombings,
- kidnappings, hijackings--were virtually invented by Balkan
- groups. "These guys make Abu Nidal look like Mother Teresa,"
- he says.
- </p>
- <p> Militants seeking independence for Croatia have struck inside
- the U.S. in the past. In December 1975 Croatian nationalists
- were suspected of planting a bomb in a luggage locker at La
- Guardia Airport, killing 11 people and injuring 75. Less than
- a year later, Croats hijacked a TWA jet traveling from New York
- City to Chicago and eventually diverted it to Paris. As part
- of that operation, the group also planted a bomb at Grand Central
- Terminal, which killed a police officer who tried to defuse
- it. In June 1980 Croatian "freedom fighters" detonated a bomb
- inside the museum at the Statue of Liberty, but no one was injured.
- All told, Croats committed more than 20 acts of terror in the
- U.S. from 1976 through 1980.
- </p>
- <p> Croatia has achieved a shaky independence since then, albeit
- one marred by episodes of urban shelling by Serb guerrillas.
- The Croats could conceivably have been motivated to carry out
- the attack hoping the Serbs would be blamed. But the Serbs have
- their own reason for staging the bombing--or for doing it
- and hoping the Croats would be blamed. The announcement this
- week that the U.S. would soon start sending relief flights over
- Bosnia made it just as plausible that the blast might be a response
- by Serbs to a perceived tilt against their side. Six months
- ago, Serbian nationalists threatened to bomb Western's Europe's
- nuclear facilities if its governments intervened militarily
- in the former Yugoslavia.
- </p>
- <p> The Bosnian Muslims too have reason to play a part in the Balkan
- blame game. They have been known to bomb their own people in
- Bosnia, hoping the Serbs and the Croats would be held responsible
- and Western allies would intervene on their side. But they are
- also angry at the Clinton Administration for refusing to lift
- an arms embargo despite earlier pledges to do so.
- </p>
- <p> PALESTINIAN FACTIONS
- </p>
- <p> An extremist group called Hamas has been virulently opposed
- to the current Middle East peace talks, and last week's bombing
- could have been an attempt to torpedo the negotiations before
- they resume next month. In addition, it was Hamas supporters
- who made up most of the 400 or so Palestinians whom Israel expelled
- late last year and who now languish in the no-man's-land between
- the Israeli and Lebanese lines.
- </p>
- <p> IRAN, IRAQ, LIBYA
- </p>
- <p> February was the second anniversary of the U.S.-led ground attack
- against Iraq; setting off a bomb at the center of America's
- largest city could have been Iraq's way of marking the date.
- But since Clinton took office, Iraq has been making conciliatory
- noises, as has another of the U.S.'s longtime enemies, Iran.
- However, there is no shortage of fundamentalist groups, including
- the Iranian-backed Hizballah, that might seek to punish the
- nation they regard as "the Great Satan."
- </p>
- <p> RUSSIAN NATIONALISTS
- </p>
- <p> Long-shot culprits to be sure, Russian nationalists who want
- to install a reactionary, law-and-order regime in Moscow have
- blamed much of their country's troubles--from corruption to
- economic chaos and crime--on Western, and mainly U.S., influence.
- They have stepped up their attacks on Boris Yeltsin in recent
- months, forcing him to distance himself from free marketeers
- and from his Western-oriented diplomacy. But so far he has survived
- their challenges. In frustration, his enemies might have sought
- expression on American soil.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-